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南京航空航天大学学报

1999年10月第31卷第5期

目 次

理论与试验研究

飞机无刷交流发电机设计原则及试验仿真研究 王 瑾 谢少军 严仰光(485)

基于四元数方法的GPS航姿解算 段志勇 袁 信(492)

分散控制固定模态的存在性及其重数 王 健 胡寿松 郭锁凤(497)

医学CT的误差修正方法、图像重建及实现 冯三强 吴 端 张胜健(504)

压电固体作动筒及其在结构中的应用 朱晓荣 陶宝祺 郑世杰 等(510)

内啮合变厚齿轮副斜向插削工艺的研究 吴俊飞 李瑰贤 李华敏516)

负压实型铸造法制备金属基复合材料的工艺研究 崔益华 陶 杰(522)

多级轴流压气机的可压缩失速模型 胡 骏 于 再(528)

动态试验中支架对三角翼涡破碎影响研究 丁克文 张庆利 张文华(534)

综述

飞轮贮能系统在未来航天器中的应用 邓智泉 孟小利 严仰光(539)

微动损伤的研究综述 陶 峰 张险峰 尹明德 等(545)

研究简报

真空等离子装置的改进设计 袁安富 王 珉(552)

具有面内剪切非线性复合材料层板的1/4亚谐共振 黄再兴 朱金福(556)

具有随机刚度薄板小挠度问题的数值分析 崔海涛 温卫东(560)

遗传算法在含连续/离散变量结构优化中的应用 余雄庆 丁运亮(564)

一种trimmed NURBS曲面的均匀三角化 沈庆云 周儒荣(569)

恒温剥蚀对LC4CS铝合金结构和力学性能的影响 何建平 陈文理 许 玮 等(575)

基于非定常气动力建模的动导数仿真实验 史志伟 吴根兴(580)

应变天平信号调理和模拟校正的研究与应用 金 宁 韩珠凤 吕英伟(585)

基于相关运算的LIDAR测风速 朱 江(590)

飞行器雷达罩设计方法的研究 沈 吕继淮(594)

基于噪声函数描述颜色纹理的方法 钱志峰 傅 彪(599)

企业信息系统建设方法论 孙 宇 宁宣熙(604)

学术动态

《南京航空航天大学学报》荣获“第3届江苏省优秀期刊”称号 (527)

《南京航空航天大学学报》荣获部科技进步二等奖 (603)

第9届智能材料与结构国际会议在印度召开 (608)

2000年《南京航空航天大学学报》(中、英文版)征订启事 封三

2000年《数据采集与处理》征订启事 封三

　

JOURNAL OF NANJING UNIVERSITY OF AERONAUTICS ＆　ＡＳＴＲＯＮＡＵＴＩＣＳ

October １９９9 Ｖｏｌ．31　Ｎｏ．5

ＣＯＮＴＥＮＴＳ

ＴＨＥＯＲＥＴＩＣＡＬ　ＡＮＤ　ＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＡＬ　ＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨ

Design Principles of Aircraft Brushless AC Generators Wang Jin， Xie Shaojun，

Yan Yangguang(485)

GPSbased Attitude Determination Based on Quaternion Algorithm

Duan Zhiyong， Yuan Xin(492)

Existence of Fixed Modes and Its Multiplicity for Decentralized Control

Wang Jian， Hu Shousong， Guo Suofeng(497)

Method and Implementation of Error Correction and Image Reconstruction for

Medical CT Feng Sanqiang， Wu Duan， Zhang Shengjian(504)

Piezoelectric Induced Strain Actuator and Its Application in Structures

Zhu Xiaorong， Tao Baoqi， Zheng Shijie， et al(510)

Study on BevelSlotting Technology of Manufacturing Internal Bevoloid

Gear Pair Wu Junfei， Li Guixian， Li Huamin(516)

Study on Technology of Metal Matrix Composites Prepared by VEPC Method

Cui Yihua， Tao Jie(522)

A Compressible Model of Flow Instabilities in High Speed Multistage Compre

ssors Hu Jun， Yu Zai(528)

Effect of Support on Vortex Breakdown of Delta Wing in Dynamic Tests

　

Ｄｉｎｇ　Ｋｅｗｅｎ， Ｚｈａｎｇ　Ｑｉｎｇｌｉ， Ｚｈａｎｇ　Ｗｅｎｈｕａ(534)

　

SUMMARIZATION

Flywheel Storage Systems for Future Spacecraft Applications

Deng Zhiquan， Meng Xiaoli， Yan Yangguang(539)

Research on Fretting Damage: an Review Tao Feng， Zhang

Xianfeng， Yin Mingde，et al(545)

RESEARCH BULLETINS

Renovating Design of Vacuum Deposition Equipment Yuan Anfu， Wa

ng Min(552)

1/4 Subharmonic Resonance of Laminated Composite Plates with Nonlinear In

PlaneShear Properties Huang Zaixing， Zhu Jinfu(556)

Numerical Analysis on Thin Plate under Small Deflection with Random Stiffn

ess Cui Haitao， Wen Weidong(560)

Application of Genetic Algorithms to Structural Optimization with Mixed Co

ntinuous/Discrete Design Variables Yu Xiongqing， Ding Yunlian

g(564)

A Uniform Triangulation of Trimmed NURBS Surface Shen Qi

ngyun， Zhou Rurong(569)

Effect of Exfoliation on Structure and Tensile Strength of LC4CS

Aluminum Alloy atConstant Temperature He Jianping， Chen Wenli

， Xu Wei， et al(575)

Simulation Experiment of Dynamic Derivatives Based on Unsteady Aerodynamic

Modeling Shi Zhiwei， Wu Gengxing(580)

Research and Application of Signal Conditioning and Analogical

Calibration forStrain Gauge Balance Jin Ning， Han Zhufeng， Lu¨〗 Yingwei(585

)

Wind Velocity Measurement by LIDAR with Correlation Analysis Zhu Jiang(590)

Study on Design Method of Aircraft Radome Shen Ji， Lｕ¨ Jihuai(594)

A Method of Describing Color Texture with Noise Function Qian Zhifeng， Fu Biao

(599)

Methodology for Constructing Enterprise Information System Sun Yu， Ning Xuanx

i(604)

　

　

飞机无刷交流发电机设计原则及试验仿真研究

王 瑾 谢少军 严仰光

(南京航空航天大学自动控制系

南京，210016)

摘要 旋转整流器式无刷交流发电机是飞机恒速恒频、变速恒

频及高压直流电源系统的核心部件。随着电机制造材料的发展，无刷交流发电机的设计也在

不断发展与完善。变速恒频及高压直流电源中的无刷交流发电机后级带整流负载，因而电机

结构有别于恒速恒频电源中的发电机。为实现体积小、重量轻、性能好的设计目标，讨论了

变速恒频电源中无刷交流发电机的设计原则。并结合某一样机实例，对无刷交流发电机进行

了数字仿真并对样机进行了性能试验，样机试验及仿真结果基本吻合，说明数字仿真的正确

性。针对该样机的设计不足，本文提出了一种改进方案，从而进一步改善了电机结构和工艺

性。

关键词：无刷电机；无刷交流发电机；变速恒频交流电源；旋转整

流器；数字仿真

中图分类号：TM34;V242.4

Design Principles of Aircraft Brushless AC Generators

Wang Jin Xie Shaojun Yan Yangguang

(Department of Automatic Control, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronauti

cs Nanjing, 210016)

Abstract Rotatingrectifier model brushless AC generator is the core part of t

he aircraft electrical power generating system including CSCF, VS

CF and HVDC systems. The brushless AC generator has been improved with the de

velopment of manufacturing materials such as ferromagnetic and insulatin

g mate

rials. The characteristics of the generator used in CSCF,VSCF and HVDC systems a

re compared, so the structure and characteristic of the generator is different f

rom that in CSCF system. This paper analyzes the difference between these

two kinds of generators. Furthermore, the parameters of two generators in VSCF a

nd CSCF systems are summerized in a table. In order to reduce the weight and bul

k, and to optimize the performan

ce of the VSCF brushless AC generator, design principles of the VSCF brushless A

C generator, such as magnetic flux and current density levels, number of poles,

winding connections, and shape of armature slots are discussed. The generator in

a VSCF system embodies the principles. Test and numerical simulations are done o

n the prototype. The results of the test and the simulation are coinciden

t, so that the simulation is verified. Finally, an improved design of t

he main AC generator of the prototype is put forward. The simulation results

show th

at the performance of the generator is feasiable, however, its manufacturab

ility is obviously improved.

Key words: brushless electric machines; brushless AC genera

tor; variable speed constant frequency(VSCF) AC power system; rotating rectifier

； digital simulation

　

　

　

　

基于四元数方法的GPS航姿解算

段志勇 袁 信

(南京航空航天大学自动控制系 南京，210016)

摘要

应用GPS载波相位双差测量来确定载体的航向和姿态需要解决两个主要问题：模糊度的确定

和航姿算法。本文提出了GPS航姿解算的四元数方法，直接利用GPS载波相位双差

测量值解算姿态四元数，从而保证了姿态矩阵的正交性质。同时还对航姿误差进行了分析，

并在误差分析的基础上给出了基线的最优配置。通过仿真对双基线GPS航姿系统进行

了研究，比较了不同基线配置下的航姿角解算误差。

关键词：相位计量；仿真；全球定位系统；姿态

中图分类号：V249.3；P22

GPSbased Attitude Determination Based on Quaternion Algorithm

Duan Zhiyong Yuan Xin

(Department of Automatic Control， Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronaut

ics Nanjing, 210016)

Abstract Attitude determination using GPS carrier phase is succ

essfully applied in aircraft measurement. The GPS attitude determination can be

broken into integer ambiguity resolution and operational attit

ude calculations. This paper presents quaternion algorithm to determine heading

and attitude using GPS carrier phase double d

ifference measurements, assuming that the integer ambiguities are known. Unlike

the other methods which must calculate the baseline vectors at first, the presen

ted algorithm determines the heading and attitude quaternion directly.

And the algorithm can handle not only one baseline to determine two angles of t

he heading and attitude, but also any multibaselines to calculate the heading

and attitude. The optimal configuration of baselines is put forward on the er

ror analysis of the heading and attitude. The simulation results of dualbaseli

nes

GPSbased attitude system show the relationship between the heading and attitu

de error and baseline con

figuration.

Key words: phase measurement; simulation; GPS; attitudes

　

　

　

　

分散控制固定模态的存在性及其重数

王 健 胡寿松 郭锁凤

(南京航空航天大学自动控制系 南京，210016)

摘要

对分散控制系统的固定模态进行了研究。基于固定模态的存在性，定性地分析了分散控制固

定模态产生的原因；克服Anderson等人的判别原则不足之处。通过闭环系统特征多项式，利

用多项式矩阵左既约分解法，不仅能判别一个特征值是否为固定模态，还能确定其重数，同

时给出了固定模态的新算法，把固定模态的计算归结为求解一个低维的多项式方程，避免了

Davison的算法中求解高维特征方程的复杂性。

关键词：非集中控制；固定模态；多项式矩阵；左既约分解；重数

中图分类号：TP13；O231

Existence of Fixed Modes and Its Multiplicity for Decentralized Control

Wang Jian Hu Shousong Guo Suofeng

(Department of Automatic Control， Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronaut

ics Nanjing，210016)

Abstract In analysis and synthesis in decentralized control

system, the fixed modes are very important to the system stabilization and pole

assignment. They are not only invariant pole in decentralized control syst

em, bu

t also incompletely controlled and incompletely observed derivative poles in cen

tralized control largescale system. For this reason, more and more scholars

research fixed mode calculating and judging. Therefore, the fixed modes for dec

entralized control system are researched. Based on the existence of the fixed mo

des, the cause of the fixed modes for decentralized control is qualitatively

analysed. After establishing characteristic polynomial in closed l

oop system, a new algorithm for solving the fixed modes by left irreducible deco

mposition method in polynomial matrix is produced to overcome the short

of criterion. In this way, we can judge whether an eigenvalue is fixed mode, and

the fixed mo

de′s multiplicity can be found at the same time. As a result the method of calc

ulating fixed modes is transformed to solve low dimensional ploynomial equation

and to avoid the complexity of solving high dimensional characteristic equation.

Key words: decentralized control； fixed modes；polynomial matrix；left irreduci

ble decomposition；multiplicity

　

　

　

医学CT的误差修正方法、图像重建及实现

冯三强 吴 端 张胜健

(中国科学技术大学自动化系 合肥，230027)

摘要

医学X光CT作为一种诊断设备，对其图像质量要求很高，而在实际应用中各种误差都将会影

响最终的图像质量，因而对误差进行修正是非常重要的，这一点在各厂家的CT产品中表现得

尤为突出。通过研究对医学X光CT的探测器、X光射束硬化效应等所产生的误差

进行修正，给出了在PC机上对误差进行修正和图像重建的方法和步骤，完成了对分辨率水模

、对比度水模、病人头部和肺部的图像重建，证明该方法行之有效。

关键词：图像重显；成像；计算机断层成像；误差校验

　

中图分类号：TP751.1；TP274；TP752.1

Method and Implementation of Error Correction and Image Reconstruction for Medic

al CT

Feng Sanqiang Wu Duan Zhang Shengjian

(Automation Department, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei,230

027)

Abstract Medical Xray CT as diagnostic equipment requires a m

ore strict image quality. The image quality is degraded by vari

ous sources of error in practice. So the error correction method is very import

ant in almost all kinds of CT equipment. Having explored the error correction me

thod of the Xray detectors， and Xray beam hardening for medical Xray CT,

the whole error correction and image reconstruction computer realizing procedur

e in PC is given. This method is applied to perform the image reconstruction of

reso

lution water phantom，contrast water phantom，patient head and patient lung. The

high quality images have verified the effectiveness of the method.

Key words： image reproducing; image formation; CT； error checking

　

　

　

　

压电固体作动筒及其在结构中的应用

朱晓荣 陶宝祺 郑世杰 梁大开

(南京航空航天大学智能材料与结构航空科技重点实验室 南京，210016)

　

摘要

建立了大位移压电固体作动筒(Piezoelectric induced strain actuator, PZT ISA)的动力

学模型。

探讨了压电固体作动筒在结构应用中的力学驱动模型，研究了压电作动筒和结构之间的驱动

传递关系，以及在结构应用中获得最大输出位移和最大作用力的匹配关系；研究了利用压电

作动筒驱动直升机伺服襟翼的一种初步构想以及机械放大机构，用于替

代现有的液压装置，对旋翼进行主动减震降噪。同时在不同的频率及负载下，对压电作动筒

的驱动性能进行了实验，并作了讨论。结论表明：利用压电作动筒作为直升机伺服襟翼控制

的驱动器件，可以实现对伺服襟翼的主动变形及振动控制。

关键词：执行机构；压电作动筒；驱动器；动力学模型；匹配关系

中图分类号：TB552；TM282

Piezoelectric Induced Strain Actuator and Its Application in Structures

Zhu Xiaorong Tao Baoqi Zheng Shijie Liang Dakai

(The Key Laboratory for Smart Materials and Structure

s， Nanjing University of Aeronautic & Astronautics Nanjing，210016)

　

Abstract Actuators are very important parts in modern selfadap

tive and intelligent control systems. Its property will greatly affect the syste

m. Since traditional actuators have some insolvable difficulties for modern appl

ications. The solid actuators have become a hot spot in research fields. In rece

nt years, the PZT have attracted great attention for its application as actuat

ors and sensors, but its many applications are based on small displacemen

t control. For applications of large displacement actuators in structures, a det

aile

d investigation of large displacement solid PZT actuators is provided.

Actuator model of the piezoelectric induced strain actuator (PZT ISA) and the ma

tching property between the PZT ISA and the structure is studied. An optimized

model of the PZT ISA and the structure is proposed, through which the maximum a

ctuator force and the maximum induced strain can be obtained. This work provides

a fundamental theoretical research for the application o

f the PZT ISA. At the end, a model of the stack driven helicopter servoflap an

d

its mechanical amplifier are studied and discussed, which is used to replace th

e hydraulic actuator for the servoflap. At the same time, the actuator propert

i

es under different loads and different frequencies are surveyed. The results rev

eal that the PZT ISA could satisfy the need of the driven proper

ties for active servoflap control.

Key words： actuator mechanism; piezoelectric induced strain actuator; actuator;

dynamic model; matching property

　

　

　

内啮合变厚齿轮副斜向插削工艺的研究

吴俊飞 李瑰贤 李华敏

（哈尔滨工业大学机械工程系 哈尔滨，150001）

　

摘要

提出了用同一把插齿刀加工一对内啮合变厚齿轮副中内外齿轮的新加工方法。通过对斜

插后齿轮的齿面方程的推导和误差分析，详细论证了该加工方法的可行性，并给出了最佳斜

向插削角度的计算公式。分析结果表明：该种加工方法所产生的齿形误差很小，且两齿轮分

度

圆上的压力角基本相同，这就能够保证两齿轮的正确啮合传动。而且通过实例验证了两变厚

齿轮斜向插削角度计算公式的正确性。最近利用该加工方法已实际加工出两对内啮合

变厚齿轮副，并已应用在一新型减速器中，效果很好。理论和实践证明，该加工方法能够利

用国内现有的设备加工出高精度的内啮合变厚齿轮副。

关键词：齿轮；插齿；误差分析；斜向插削角；内啮合变厚齿轮副

中图分类号：TH132.41;TH161.5;TG613

Study on BevelSlotting Technology of Manufacturing Internal Bevoloid Gear Pair

　

Wu Junfei Li Guixian Li Huamin

(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin,15

0001)

Abstract A new manufacturing method that a pair of internal bevo

loid gears is slotted with the same pinion cutter is put forward. The feasibilit

y

of this method is demonstrated in detail by deriving the equation of profilecu

rved surface of bevoloid gears that has been slotted and by error analysis. In a

ddition, the calculating formula of the optimal bevel slotting angle is given. T

he theoretical results indicate that the profile error resulted from this method

is very small and the reference circle pressure angles of both the gears are al

most

the same, which can ensure the right mesh of both gears. Moreover, the fo

rmula of optimal bevel slotting angle has also been checked by an example. T

wo pairs of internal bevoloid gears using this method have been machined and u

sed in a new type of reducer, and present good performance. The theory and the p

ractice show that this new manufacturing method is able to machine hi

gh precision internal bevoloid gear pairs with existing machine tools in China.

　

Key words: gears; gear shaping; error analysis; bevel slotting angle; internal b

evoloid gear pair

　

　

　

　

负压实型铸造法制备金属基复合材料的工艺研究

崔益华 陶 杰

(南京航空航天大学材料科学与工程系 南京，210016)

摘要

运用负压实型铸造法(VEPC)成功地制备了钢纤维增强铝基复合材料，对所制备的试样进行

了力学性能测试并观察了微观组织和断口形貌。试验表明，机械固结法可用于

制备纤维预制件，最佳浇注工艺参数为浇注温度730～740℃，浇注速度3～4　kg/s，铸型负

压度-0.025～-0.040 MPa。分析了气化模制备的影响因素以及浇注工艺参数对复合材

料性能的影响。

关键词：复合材料；金属基复合材料；负压实型铸造；工艺；消失

模

中图分类号：TB331

Study on Technology of Metal Matrix Composites Prepared by VEPC Method

Cui Yihua Tao Jie

(Department of Material Science and Engineering,

Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics Nanjing，210016)

　

Abstract Steel fiber/aluminum matrix composites

are prepared by VEPC method which is usually used for casting normal metal

s and alloys. One of the most important evaporative patterns is that the surface

treated (zinc coating) steel fibers are mechanically fixed into EPMM

AEPS foam. This kind of pattern is then buried in dry sands (without binder),

and the melted aluminum is cast in the evaporative pattern. The mechanical prope

rties of the prepare

d samples are tested, and the microstructure and the fracture surfaces of the sa

mples are also observed. The results show that the mechanical fixing method can

be used for fiber preform. The optimum casting speed is 3~4 kg/s and the vaccum

degree is -0.025~-0.040 MPa. The influencing factors of patternpreparing and t

he effect of casting parameters on the properties of FRM are also analysed.

Key words: composite materials; metal matrix composite; VEPC; technology; evap

orative pattern

　

　

　

　

多级轴流压气机的可压缩失速模型

胡 骏

(南京航空航天大学动力工程系 南京，210016)

于 再

（中国民航上海中等专业学校 上海，200232）

摘要

发展了一个用于分析多级轴流压气机动态失速特性的多“激盘”可压缩模型。该

模型采用二维非定常的可压缩Euler方程描述压气机上、下游管道以及各叶排之间轴向间隙

内的流动，而采用“激盘”分别取代压气机的各个叶片排。利用该模型重点分析了多级轴流

压气机中二维小尺度旋转失速的起始特性以及动静叶之间的相互影响。所得结果表明，该

模型可有效地用于此类问题的分析。同时还对一台五级高速轴流压气机的失速特性进

行了详细分析，有关计算和实验结果的比较表明，该模型及其计算结果是可靠的。

关键词：压缩机；多级轴流压气机；旋转失速；小尺度波；起始特

性；激盘；可压缩模型

中图分类号：V231.3; O357.5

A Compressible Model of Flow Instabilities in High Speed Multistage Compressors

　

Hu Jun

(Department of Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronauti

cs Nanjing, 210016)

Yu Zai

(Civil Aviation of China Shanghai College Shanghai,200232)

　

Abstract A nonlinear “multiactuator disk” model is proposed

to analyze the dynamic behavior of flow instabilities, including rotating stall

and surge, in high speed multistage axial compressors. The

model describes the duct flow fields using two dimensional, compressible and un

steady Euler equations, and accounts for the influences of downstream plenum and

throttle in the system as well. It replaces each blade row of multistage compre

ssors with a disk. For numerical calculations, the time marching procedure, usin

g MacCormack two steps scheme, is used. This paper is to pre

dict the mechanism of two dimensional short wavelength rotating stall inception

and the interaction between blade rows in high speed multistage compressors. It

has been demonstrated that the model has the ability to predict those phenomena

, and the results show that some system parameters have a strong effect on the s

tall features as well. Results for a five stage high speed compressor are analyz

ed in detail, and comparison with the experimental data demonstrates that the mo

del and the calculated results are reliable.

Key words: compressors; multistage axial flow compressors; rotating

stall; short wave length; inception; actuator disk; compressible model

　

　

　

　

动态试验中支架对三角翼涡破碎影响研究

丁克文 张庆利 张文华

(南京航空航天大学动力工程系 南京，210016)

摘要

在南京航空航天大学低速风洞中用前缘后掠角分别为６５°和７０°

三角翼模型，采用不同厚度和不同位置安装的类似后横向支架进行过失速非定常破碎涡的测

定实验，涡及破碎点位置由ＴｉＣｌ４烟流显示，并用相机记录。实验表明，在非定常过

失速情况下，涡的破碎位置与非定常气动力一样具有迟滞环特性。在同样攻角条件下，随着

类似后横向支架的加高，或其位置越靠近三角翼模型后缘，无论静态、上仰、下俯，涡破碎

点位置均更靠近三角翼模型前缘。

关键词：动态试验；支架；三角翼；涡破碎；风洞

中图分类号：Ｖ２１１．７

Effect of Support on Vortex Breakdown of Delta Wing in Dynamic Tests

　

Ｄｉｎｇ　Ｋｅｗｅｎ Ｚｈａｎｇ　Ｑｉｎｇｌｉ Ｚｈａｎｇ　Ｗｅｎｈｕａ

(Department of Power Engineering, Nanjing Universit

y of Aeronautics & Astronautics Nanjing,210016)

Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ Ｔｈｅ　ｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎ　ｏｆ　ｖｏｒ

ｔｅｘ　ｂｒｅａｋｄｏｗｎ　ｐｏｉｎｔ　ｆｏｒ　６５°　ａｎｄ　７０°　ｓｗｅｐ

ｔ　ｄｅｌｔａ　ｗｉｎｇ　ｍｏｄｅｌｓ　ｏｓｃｉｌｌａｔｉｎｇ　ｉｎ　a ｐｉｔｃ

ｈ　ｔｏ　ｈｉｇｈ　ａｎｇｌｅｓ　ｏｆ　ａｔｔａｃｋ　is　ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄ　

ｉｎ　ｌｏｗ　ｓｐｅｅｄ　ｗｉｎｄ　ｔｕｎｎｅｌ　ｉｎ　Ｎａｎｊｉｎｇ　Ｕｎｉｖ

ｅ

ｒｓｉｔｙ　ｏｆ　Ａｅｒｏｎａｕｔｉｃｓ　ａｎｄ　Ａｓｔｒｏｎａｕｔｉｃｓ．Ｔｈ

ｅ　ｄｕｍｍｙ　ｃｒｏｓｓｗｉｓｅ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ　ｏｆ　ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ　ｈ

ｅｉｇｈｔs　is　ｆｉｘｅｄ　at　ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ　ｐｌａｃｅs　during　ｍ

ｏｄｅｌ　ｔｅｓｔs．Ｔｈｅ　ｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎ　ｏｆ　ｖｏｒｔｅｘ　ａｎｄ　ｖｏ

ｒｔｅｘ　ｂｒｅａｋｄｏｗｎ　ｐｏｉｎｔ　is　ｓｈｏｗn　ｂｙ　ｓ

ｍｏｋｅ　ｆｌｏｗ　ａｎｄ　is　ｒｅｃｏｒｄｅｄ　with　a ｃａｍｅｒａ． Ｒ

ｅｓｕｌｔｓ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｔｅｓｔ　ｓｈｏｗ　that the ｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎ　

ｏｆ　ｖｏ

ｒｔｅｘ　ｂｒｅａｋｄｏｗｎ　ｐｏｉｎｔ　ｉｎ　ｕｎｓｔｅａｄｙ　ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍ

ｅｎｔｓ，ｌｉｋｅ　ｕｎｓｔｅａｄｙ　ａｅｒｏｄｙｎａｍｉｃ　ｌｏａｄs， ｗｏｕ

ｌｄ　ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅ　ｈｙｓｔｅｒｅｓｉｓ　ｌｏｏｐｓ．Ｔｈｅ　location of ｖｏ

ｒｔｅｘ　ｂｒｅａｋｄｏｗｎ　point，ａｔ　ｔｈｅ　ｓａｍｅ　ｃｏｎｓ

ｔａｎｔ　ａｎｇｌｅ　ｏｆ　ａｔｔａｃｋ，ｍｏｖｅｓ　ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓｌｙ　

ｆｏｒｗａｒｄ　to　ｔｈｅ　ｌｅａｄｉｎｇ　ｅｄｇｅ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｄｅｌｔａ　

ｗｉｎｇ　ａｓ　the ｄｕｍｍｙ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ　ｇｒｏｗｓ　ｉｎ　ｈｅｉｇｈｔ

, or is nearer　to ｔｈｅ　ｄｕｍｍｙ　ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ　ｂａｃｋ　ｅｄｇｅ　ｏｆ

　ｔｈｅ　ｄｅｌｔａ　ｗｉｎｇ，ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ　ｓｔａｔｉｃ,　ｐｉｔｃｈ

ｕｐ　ｏｒ　ｐｉｔｃｈｄｏｗｎ．

　

Ｋｅｙ　ｗｏｒｄｓ： ｄｙｎａｍｉｃ　ｔｅｓｔｓ；ｓｕｐｐ

ｏｒｔｓ；ｄｅｌｔａ　ｗｉｎｇｓ； ｖｏｒｔｅｘ　ｂｒｅａｋｄｏｗｎ； ｗｉｎｄ　

ｔｕｎｎｅｌｓ

　

　

　

　

飞轮贮能系统在未来航天器中的应用

邓智泉 孟小利 严仰光

(南京航空航天大学自动控制系 南京，210016)

摘要

传统蓄电池贮能系统由于其比能量小、可靠性低的固有缺陷已难以满足未来航天器的总体性

能发展要求。近年来，随着高性能磁轴承、高强度轻重量的复合材料、电力电子技术等

一系列关键技术的发展，使得飞轮贮能系统取代目前航天器中镍氢电池贮能系统成为可能。

文中系统地阐述这一未来的航天器贮能系统，其中具体介绍了飞轮贮能系统的高

比能量、长寿命、高效率等优越特性以及在航天器应用中独具的位姿控制附加功能，并对飞

轮贮能系统的结构组成、多功能集成等方面作了较为详细的论述，最后介绍了

目前飞轮贮能系统在航天器中应用研究的状况。

关键词：飞轮；能量贮存；姿态控制；比能量；多功能集成

中图分类号：V242.2

Flywheel Storage Systems for Future Spacecraft Applications

Deng Zhiquan Meng Xiaoli Yan Yangguang

(Department of Automatic Control, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronauti

cs Nanjing, 210016)

Abstract For their inherent drawbacks such as low energy density

and low reliability, traditional battery storage systems cannot satisfy the ove

ra

ll developing requirement of future spacecraft. The flywheel storage system is o

ne of the oldest forms of energy storage, and has been used in many aspects. Wit

h the developments of high performance magnetic bearings, high st

rength/weight composite materials, and power and electronics technologies, in r

ecent years the flywheel energy storage system has the potential to replace the

current nickelhydrogen battery systems in spacecraft applications, the trans

portation, utility, and manufacturing industries. The application and the devel

opment of the flywheel storage system is briefly reviewed. This future spacecraf

t energy system is systematically explained. The advantages of flywheel

systems such as high energy density, long life and the unique side benefit of sp

acecraft attitude control are specifically introduced. Finally, the configuratio

n and the multifunction integration for flywheel systems are described.

Key words: flywheels; energy storage; attitude control; energy density; multif

unction integration

　

　

　

微动损伤的研究综述

陶 峰１ 张险峰２ 尹明德１ 欧阳祖行１

(１　南京航空航天大学机电工程学院 南京，210016)

（２　华东冶金学院机械系 马鞍山,243002）

摘要

论述了微动损伤的概念及对其研究的必要性。对微动损伤研究的两个主要部分即微动损伤的

基础研究和防护方法的发展过程进行了论述，尤其对当前的研究现状及所取得的成果做了重

点

阐述，并说明了一些尚待研究的问题。从微动机理研究、微动件结构参数控制、

微动疲劳寿命估算、工业应用、防护等几个方面概述了微动损伤研究的发展趋势。

关键词：微动磨损；微动腐蚀；微动疲劳；微动损伤中

图分类号：TH117.1

Research on Fretting Damage: an Review

Tao Feng１ Zhang Xianfeng２ Yin Mingde１ Ouyang Zuxing１

(１ Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics Nanjing, 210016)

　

(２ Department of Mechanical Engineering, East China University of Metallugy

Ma′anshan,243002)

　

Abstract The concept of fretting damage and the needs of its r

esearch are stated. The development process about fretting damage research is

expounded in two fields, the basic research and the protection technique. In

the basic research, the last research results about fretting principle done by F

renc

h and Chinese researchers and research progresses in fretting fatigue strength a

re introduced emphatically. The applications of several protection metho

ds about the surface improvement technique, using new materials and the structur

al design changes, etc, in antifretting damage are put forward. Some problems

that need to be further studied are illustrated. From several aspects, such as

fretting principle research, fretting structural parameter control, fretting fat

i

gue life calculation, industrial applications, protection, etc, the development

trend about fretting damage research is generalized.

Key words: fretting wear; fretting corrosion; fretting fatigue; fretting damage

　

　

　

　

真空等离子装置的改进设计

袁安富 王 珉

(南京航空航天大学机电工程学院 南京，210016)

摘要

利用旧的真空装置改造成一个物理气相沉积设备，不仅节约了大量的资金，而且还为今后

的科研工作开辟了一个崭新的领域。本文主要讨论了在改造过程中，根据物理气相沉积的

共性以及本实验装置的特定要求和需要注意的几个问题，如一个真空沉积腔的整体结构、密

封

性和冷却结构，如何有效地利用载物台、励磁电路和点火电路的设计等，提出了改造

方案。目前，已成功地将它改造成真空度为10-2τ的低真空等离子沉积装置。

关键词：等离子喷涂；沉积；类金刚石；设备改造

中图分类号：TB79；V261.935

Renovating Design of Vacuum Deposition Equipment

Yuan Anfu Wang Min

(Department of Mechanical Engineering，

Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics Nanjing,210016)

　

Abstract

Much amount of fund is reduced and a new research field is developed for an old

vacuum heat treatment furnace to be renovated into a physical vacuum d

eposition apparatus. According to the common features and the special requiremen

ts of physical vacuum deposition equipment, a deposition chamber made of brass

is added to replace its original vacuum heat treatment chamber. This deposition

chamber mainly consisted of three separated parts: electrodes, a magnetic exciti

ng chamber and a substrate holder. In addition, the other aspects such as sealin

g

and cooling system, the space of holder, trigger circuit, magnetic exciting cir

cuit are considered in renovation. It is very important to keep the system co

oled effectively in order that it can be kept in a relatively low temperature du

ring deposition. After a series of improvements, an old vacuum heat treatment

furnace has been renovated into a

physical vacuum deposition system with a vacuum degree up to 10-2τ.

　

Key words: plasma spraying; deposition; diamondlike; equipment renovation

　

　

　

具有面内剪切非线性复合材料层板的1/4亚谐共振

黄再兴 朱金福

(南京航空航天大学飞行器系 南京，210016)

摘要

利用Von Karman薄板大挠度理论和HahnTsai本构方程研究了四边简支、一对边受压缩动载

荷的(0/90)s对称铺设正交各向异性矩形层合板的参数振动问题。利用奇异性理论着重讨

论了1/4亚谐共振时板的各种可能的分叉行为，分析了面内剪切非线性特性对参数

共振和分叉曲线的影响，得到了一些新结果。

关键词：胶合板；参数振动；面内剪切；非线性；大挠度理论

中图分类号：O323；TB332

1/4 Subharmonic Resonance of Laminated Composite Plates with Nonlinear InPlane

Shear Properties

Huang Zaixing Zhu Jinfu

(Department of Aircraft Engineering, Nanjing Univer

sity of Aeronautics & Astronautics Nanjing, 210016)

Abstract The parametric vibration problems of a s

ymmetric orthotropic laminated rectangular plate (0/90)s with simply supported

edges by using the Von Karman theory of plates and the constitutive equation

s advanced by HahnTsai are investigated. With the help of LS reduction method

and singularity t

heories, all possible bifurcations in 1/4 subharmonic parametric resonance are d

iscussed. The results obtained show that there only exists three kinds of fundam

ental bifurcation curves of 1/4 subharmonic parametric resonance. Thus, the b

ifurcation behavior of 1/4 subharmonic parametric resonance is simpler than that

of 1/2 subharmonic parametric resonance. In addition, the inplane shear nonli

n

earity has direct influences upon 1/4 subharmonic parametric resonance, and its

bifurcation patterns can be controlled by adjusting the coefficient c of the

inplane shear nonlinearity.

Key words: laminated wood； parametric resonance； inplane shear; nonlinearity

； large deflection theory

　

　

　

　

具有随机刚度薄板小挠度问题的数值分析

崔海涛 温卫东

(南京航空航天大学动力工程系 南京，210016)

摘要

从薄板小挠度问题的控制方程出发，将结构的随机参数统一到刚度随机场中，采用局

部平均法对刚度随机场进行离散，并将其融于二阶差分方法的列式中，给出了求解刚度随机

时薄板上各点位移的数字特征的随机有限元法。该方法不但可以解决复杂边界下的薄板小挠

度问题，而且进一步解决了结构的可靠度问题。文中最后对算例进行了计算，用解析解验证

了本文方法的正确性。

关键词：随机场；随机有限元；薄板；差分法

中图分类号：O342；O343.2；TB125

Numerical Analysis on Thin Plate under Small Deflection with Random Stiffness

　

Cui Haitao Wen Weidong

(Department of Power Engineering, Nanjing Universit

y of Aeronautics & Astronautics Nanjing, 210016)

Abstract Problem on thin bending plate is an important objec

t of structural random analysis. Numerical methods are widely employed to solve

the problem at present. The stiffness of thin bending plate is considered as a t

wodimensional random field, which is discretized by the local average method.

Based on the common governi

ng equation of a thin bending plate, a general stochastic finite element method

is developed, which is used to obtain the statistical characteristics of the dis

placement field of a thin plate with random stiffness under complex boundary con

ditions, and provides with a better way to study further the structural safet

y and reliability as well. Structural random parameters are included in the rand

om stiffness field. The second difference method is employed. A simplys

upported square plate with uniform load is calculated as an example, the expec

tation and the variance of the maximum deflection are given, and an analytic sol

ution serves as a benchmark to test the correctness of the numerical solution. T

he res

ult shows tha

t the stochastic finite element method is reasonable.

Key words： stochastic fields；stochastic finite element；thin plate；difference

methods

　

　

　

遗传算法在含连续/离散变量结构优化中的应用

余雄庆 丁运亮

(南京航空航天大学飞行器系 南京，210016)

摘要

传统的优化方法难于有效地处理含有连续/离散混合变量优化问题。本文探讨了如何将遗传

算法应用于含连续/离散设计变量的结构优化问题。着重讨论了连续/离散混合变量

的编码方法和减少适应度函数计算次数的micro GA技术。将遗传算法应用于数学考题和十杆

结构尺寸/材料混合变量优化问题。两个算例表明，遗传算法能比较有效地解决含连续/离散

混合设计变量的优化问题。

关键词：最优化算法；遗传算法；结构设计；结构优化

中图分类号：V222

Application of Genetic Algorithms to Structural Optimization with Mixed Continuo

us/Discrete Design Variables

Yu Xiongqing Ding Yunliang

(Department of Aircraft Engineering, Nanjing Univer

sity of Aeronautics & Astronautics Nanjing, 210016)

Abstract Many engineering systems contain both continuous an

d discrete design variables. But the traditional optimization methods have diffi

culty to deal with the optimization problems with mixed continuous/discrete desi

gn variables. An application of genetic algorithms (GA) to the optimal de

sign of a structural system with mixed continuous/discrete design variables is p

resented. The coding approach is

proposed for such mixed design variables and a micro GA technique is utilized t

o reduce the computational load. Two examples are used to verify this meth

od. The first one is a relatively simple problem which allows us to compare the

GA

with other methods in the context of convergent speed. The second optimization

problem is a 10bar truss structure

with ten continuous design variables (crosssectional areas of each member) an

d

ten discrete design variables (material type of each member). The results of the

examples demonstrate that genetic algorithms may provide an efficient method fo

r structural optimization with mixed continuous/discrete design variables.

Key words: optimization algorithms; genetic algorithms; structural design; stru

ctural optimization

　

　

　

　

一种trimmed NURBS曲面的均匀三角化

沈庆云

（佛山大学思源机电一体化研究所 佛山，528000）

周儒荣

　

(南京航空航天大学CAD/CAM工程研究中心 南京，210016)

摘要

采用在曲面的参数域上均匀分布矩形网格的方法，把trimmed NURBS曲面的三角化问题，转

化为对每个含在有效参数域内的矩形网格区域中的三角化处理，以及对裁剪边界和与其相交

的

矩形网格围成区域的三角化处理。该方法运行速度快，适用于法曲率变化不大的trimmed

NURBS曲面的真实感图形实时显示。

关键词：三角剖分；NURBS曲面；真实感图形；算法

中图分类号：TP121;TP391;TP746

A Uniform Triangulation of Trimmed NURBS Surface

Shen Qingyun

(Siyuan Mechatronics Institute of Foshan University Foshan,528000)

Zhou Rurong

(Research Center of CAD/CAM Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Ast

ronautics Nanjing,210016)

Abstract From the viewpoint of improving the quality of triangle

facets and decreasing triangulation speed, a highly efficient tessellation algo

rithm for a trimmed NURBS surface is presented. By uniformly spacing rectangular

grids over the ［0,1］×［0,1］ normal parameter region of the pa

rametrically defined surface, the triangulation of a trimmed NURBS surface is im

plemented through faceting rectangular grids which are either in or across the v

alid parameter region of the tr

immed NURBS surface. The longest side length of a triangle and grid numbers in

u,v directions over the parameter region is computed in terms of a tolerance

formula for the NURBS surface. The threedimensional triangulation result is ob

tained by

mapping the triangle facets on the valid parameter region of the trimmed NURBS

surface. For the rapidity and simplicity of the triangulation algorithm, it is v

ery suitable to display in realtime a realistic image of the trimmed NURBS su

rface with gently varying normal curvature.

Key words: triangulation; NURBS surface; realistic image; algorithm

　

　

　

恒温剥蚀对LC4CS铝合金结构和力学性能的影响

何建平１ 陈文理２ 许 玮３ 樊蔚勋１

(１　南京航空航天大学材料科学与工程系 南京，210016)

（２ 海南航空股份有限公司 海南，570203)

(３　航空工业总公司320厂 南昌，330024)

摘要

研究了恒温剥蚀对LC4CS铝合金试样表面宏观形貌及截面微观结构的影响；测定了试样欧姆

电阻、力学性能随剥蚀时间的变化。由欧姆电阻值计算所得试样的腐蚀速率

，在剥蚀前期快速增大，4 h后逐渐下降至一定值。金相显微观察结果表明，试样显微结

构的变化是力学性能下降的主要原因。

关键词：腐蚀速度；剥离腐蚀；铝合金；微观结构；力学性能

中图分类号：TG174.3; V252.2

Effect of Exfoliation on Structure and Tensile Strength of LC4CS Aluminum Alloy

at Constant Temperature

He Jianping１ Chen Wenli２ Xu Wei３ Fan Weixun１

(１ Department of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeron

autics & Astronautics Nanjing,210016)

　

（２　Hainan Airlines Ltd. Co Hainan,570203)

(３　320th Factory,Aviation of Industries of China Nanchang,330024)

　

Abstract The effect of exfoliation on cross section and top su

rface is studied. It is also tested that the Ohmic resistance and the tensile st

rength of the sample vary with time. Corrosion rate of the sample, which is calc

ulated from the Ohmic resistance, speedily increases at prophase of exfoliation,

after 4 h and then it gradually drops to a fixed value. Metallographic observat

ion test shows that the depression of tensile strength is mostly due to the vari

ation of microstructure of aluminum alloy.

Key words: corrosion rate; exfoliation corrosion; aluminum alloy; microstructure

; tensile strength

　

　

　

　

基于非定常气动力建模的动导数仿真实验

史志伟 吴根兴

(南京航空航天大学空气动力学系 南京，210016)

摘要

应用系统辨识理论，利用纵向大振幅非定常气动力实验数据，在频率域内建立了基于Fourie

r变换法的非定常气动力数学模型，并发展了一种获取常规动导数的仿真实验方法，分析了

迟滞环的物理意义。对60°三角翼和F18飞机模型进行动导数仿真计算，研究了不同

振幅、频率及迎角变化对动导数的影响。结果表明，Fourier变换模型可以用于动导数仿真

计算，使大振幅非定常实验与小振幅常规动导数实验合二为一。迟滞环的方向反映了飞机运

动的阻尼特性。

关键词：非定常空气动力学；模型辩识；动导数；仿真

中图分类号：V211

Simulation Experiment of Dynamic Derivatives Based on Unsteady Aerodynamic Model

ing

Shi Zhiwei Wu Gengxing

(Department of Aerodynamics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astr

onautics Nanjing，210016)

Abstract An unsteady aerodynamic model based on Fourier anal

ysis is developed in the frequency domain with the theory of system identificat

ion and the experimental data of large amplitude harmonic oscillation. This unst

eady aerodynamic mathematical model is used to extract dynamic derivatives, and

the meaning of a timelag loop is analyzed. Dynamic derivatives of a 60° delta

wi

ng and F18 aircraft model a

re calculated by this method, and then the effects of the amplitude，the freque

n

cy and the change of angle of attack on the dynamic derivatives are studied. It

is shown tha

t the Fourier model can be used to calculate the dynamic derivatives thus the ex

periment of large amplitude oscillation is unified with the experiment of small

amplitude oscillation. The direction of timelag loop represents the damp c

hara

cteristics of the aircraft motion.

Key words: unsteady aerodynamics；model identification；dynamic derivatives;simu

lation

　

　

　

　

应变天平信号调理和模拟校正的研究与应用

金 宁 韩珠凤 吕英伟

(南京航空航天大学空气动力学系 南京，210016)

摘要 应变天平的输出信号较小，安装和信号连接环节较多，

吹风试验过程中故障较频繁。故对其信号进行合适的调理，使用适当的电信号校正技术，

即用电的方法模拟天平所受的载荷，对解决天平使用过程中的问题，迅速诊断故障，提高天

平以及风洞测力试验精度和准确度都有重要的意义。